Agronomy
Agronomy is a branch of agricultural science that deals with the study of crops and the soils in which they grow. It deals with various physical and biological factors-including soil management, tillage, crop rotation, breeding, weed control and climate-related to crop production. Agronomy involves the process of selective breeding of plants in order to produce the best yield of crops under different conditions.
Cropping System: The cropping pattern used on a farm and its interaction with farm resources, other farm enterprises, and available technology which determine their make up.
| Cropping systems followed under Phek district : | |
Crop rotations followed |
Maize+Cabbage-Pea, |
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Crop sequences followed |
Maize-Beans-pea (Jhum area) |
Inter- cropping done |
No intercropping followed |
Mixed cropping done |
Mixed cropping of various agricultural and horticultural crops viz: Maize +Beans +Cabbage +Tree tomato+ Cowpea + chilly |
Catch crops grown |
Maize followed by pea |
Agronomical practices include all management practices required for raising crops either in isolation or in rotations. Agronomic practices involve: land preparation, application of manures, scheduling and application of irrigation, and methods of plant protection including weed management, plant population management and crop geometry. These practices are affected by the soil types, climate and socio-economic status.
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Details of Important agronomical crops grown under Phek district: |
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| Trust Area Identified | |
| 1 | Introduction of high yielding varieties of cereals, pulses and oilseeds. |
| 2 | Introduction of high yielding varieties of potato |
| 3 | Awareness on improved package and practices for higher production |
| 4 | Awareness on the importance of Integrated farming system for all round year income |
| 5 | Proper contingency plans for drought situations |
| Sl.no. | Crop | Pest | Recommendation | Disease | Recommendation |
| 1 | Paddy | Stem borer, gundhi bug, leaf folder, leaf and plant hopper, case worm | Release Trichogramma egg parasitoids @ 50,000/ha after 30DAT. | Blast, brown spot, stem rot, false smut, sheath blight | Resistant variety, destroy the infected stubbles by burning or deep ploughing |
| 2 | Maize | Stem borer, leaf roller, cob borer, cutworms field crickets | Spraying Neemore or limanool @ 3ml/lit at the silking stage. | Downy mildew, leaf blight | |
| 3 | Soybean | Leaf folder, stem fly, leaf miner, pod borer | Spraying of Entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema sp) @ 5million/ha after 45 DAS | Rust, yellow mosaic | |
| 4 | Groundnut | Leaf miner, white grub, pod borer
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Spraying of Entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema sp) @ 5million/ha before sowing. | Tikka, rust | bavistin 2gm/lt water |
| 6 | Field pea | Pod borer, cut worm | Powdery mildew | Sulphex @ 2gm/lt water | |
| 7 | Potato | Cut worm, red ant, white grub, potato tuber moth | Phor ate and dusting with ash | Late blight, early blight, wart disease | Spray 1 % bordeux mixture, Avoid water stagnation |
OFT-FLD Programme on Ground Nut:
Groundnut is an important crop which serves as a nutritional food for all age groups. In Phek district groundnut is not a new crop, the farmers are keen to cultivate but due to lack of availability of quality seeds they seldom cultivate groundnut. However in the year 2008, KVK Phek introduced a groundnut variety (JL 24) where an OFT was conducted in the same year. The performance was good and hence in the next year an FLD programme was taken up in farmers’ field in 2009 for popularization of this variety. Thr cro was sown on 7/5/09 and harvested on 20/9/09. The growth and yield parameters were recorded at an interval of 30 days. The results revealed that the plant attained an average height of 50.90 cm and pod/plant was 21.20 at maturity. The total yield was 19.20 qtl/ha. Economics calculated is below:
| Average cost of cultivation (Rs/ha) = | Rs. 51840.00 |
| Average Gross return (Rs/ha) = | Rs. 186200.00 |
| Average Net return (Rs/ha) = | Rs. 134360.00 |
| B:C = | 3.59 |
The feedback from the farmers revealed that the crop performed very well and that the incidences of pest and diseases were not seen during the crop period. The farmers use groundnut for preparing local products and also consume as roasted peanuts.
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